Population & Feed Rates
Set your starting population and daily feed rate per head.
| Category | Starting Head | Feed Rate (kg/head/day) | Mortality (%/month) |
|---|
Business Settings — Animal Valuation
Set market price and liveweight per category. Used to calculate herd value, revenue from sales, and business KPIs.
| Category | Market Price (RM/head) | Liveweight (kg/head) | Price/kg LW (RM) |
|---|
Formulation (kg per batch)
Default values are scientifically-based reference formulations. Adjust to match your farm's actual ingredients and prices (RM/kg).
Settings
| Setting | Value |
|---|---|
| Projection Year | |
| Annual Feed Price Inflation (%) |
Events apply at the start of each month. Birth/Lambing/Kidding → adds to youngest group. Weaning/Transition → moves youngest to grower group. Cull/Sale → removes animals. Purchase → adds animals.
Population Events
Monthly Growth Rate Override (%/month)
Background growth/decline per category per month (on top of events). Leave 0 for no auto-change.
| Category | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|
Monthly Population
Monthly Feed Requirement (kg)
Monthly Feed Cost (RM)
Monthly Ingredient Tonnage
Business — Herd Value & Revenue
Herd standing value = population × market price/head. Revenue = animals sold (cull events) × price/head. Set prices in Setup → Business Settings.
Monthly Herd Standing Value (RM)
Monthly Revenue from Sales (RM)
Monthly Feed Cost per Head (RM)
Month
View
Daily Ingredient Tonnage — Month
Ingredient tonnage required each day for the selected month, based on each category's TMR formulation ratio and daily feed volume. Values shown in kg/day and tonnes/day.
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Annual Ingredient Procurement
Monthly Budget (RM)
Business Intelligence Dashboard
Calculated from feed costs, cull/sale events, and animal prices set in Setup → Business Settings.
Business Summary by Category
Monthly Cash Flow Projection (RM)
Nutrient Profile vs NRC Target
Detailed Nutritional Breakdown
All Categories — Side by Side
Ingredient Contribution to Blend —
Shows each ingredient's contribution (% of total DM) to the final TMR blend for the selected category.
⚡ Quick Start
🗂 All Tabs
🧪 Formulation
📅 Events
💰 Business
🔬 Nutrition
🐑 Scenarios
📖 Glossary
🔧 Troubleshoot
📋 Report
📚 References
⚡ Quick Start — 5 Steps to Your First Projection
1
Pick your species — Click the species bar at the top: Sheep, Meat Goat, Dairy Goat, Beef Cattle, Dairy Cattle, or Buffalo. Each species loads its own scientifically-based defaults.
2
Set your population & prices — In Setup → Population & Feed Rates, enter how many animals per category. Then in Setup → Business Settings, enter the market price (RM/head) and liveweight (kg) per category — this powers all business KPIs.
3
Review your formulation — In Setup → Formulation, check ingredient kg per batch and price per kg. Edit names, amounts, or % as needed. The footer bar must stay at or below 100% per category.
4
Add farm events — Go to the Events tab. Click "Load Default Calendar" for a typical year, or add custom births, weanings, culls and purchases. Cull/Sale events are the source of your revenue data — every animal sold must be recorded here.
5
Click Run — The planner calculates your full 12-month projection. Explore Monthly (business KPIs + herd value), Procurement (profit margin, break-even, cash flow), Charts (herd value trend, feed cost per head), and Nutrition tabs.
💡 Tip: You can switch species at any time — each species remembers its own formulation, events, and business prices independently.
🗂 All Tabs — What Each One Does
Setup
Main control panel. Set population, feed rate, mortality, formulation, and inflation. Also contains Business Settings — enter market price per head and liveweight per category to unlock all business KPIs.
Events
Define monthly herd events — births, weanings, culls/sales, purchases, and growth overrides. Cull/Sale events are critical for revenue calculations — animals sold here are multiplied by your Business Settings price.
Monthly
12-month summary of population, feed volume, and feed cost. Also shows Business KPIs: Peak Herd Value, Annual Revenue, Feed Cost per Head, Feed:Revenue Ratio, Monthly Herd Standing Value, Revenue from Sales, and Gross Profit row.
Daily
Drill into any month to see day-by-day feed kg, cost, population, or ingredient tonnage. Switch the View dropdown to choose what to display.
Charts
6 visual charts: Population, Daily Feed, Monthly Cost, Cumulative Cost (feed), plus Herd Standing Value trend (blue line) and Feed Cost per Head (red line). Requires internet for Chart.js CDN.
Procurement
Ingredient purchasing plan (kg, tonnes, cost, % of budget) plus Business Intelligence Dashboard: Gross Profit, Profit Margin %, Feed:Revenue Ratio, Break-even Sale Price per animal, Feed Cost per kg Liveweight, and a Monthly Cash Flow table.
Nutrition
Analyses your TMR formulation and shows expected nutritional values (CP, TDN, ME, NDF, ADF, Fat, Ca, P, Mg, Water) for each category. Compares against NRC/FAO targets with colour-coded status and fix suggestions.
Report
One-click full-farm summary combining all 7 sections: Setup, Events, Monthly, Daily, Charts, Procurement, and Nutrition — in a single vertical printable layout. Click Generate PDF at the bottom to save a PDF snapshot. Run projection first before opening this tab.
🧪 Formulation — How It Works
Understanding Batches
Each column (A, B, C, D) represents one animal category. The numbers are kg per batch — meaning how much of each ingredient goes into one mixing batch for that group. The system uses the ratio of each ingredient to the total batch weight to calculate how much of each ingredient is needed for the actual daily feed volume.
Editing Ingredients
- Rename — Click the ingredient name box and type your actual ingredient (e.g. "Brachiaria" instead of "Napier Grass")
- Edit kg — Type directly into any batch kg cell. The % below auto-updates.
- Edit % — Type a percentage. The kg auto-calculates based on current column total.
- + Add Ingredient Row — Adds a new blank row. Fill in name, kg per category, and price.
- ✕ Delete — Removes an ingredient row. At least one row must remain.
- Reset to Defaults — Restores the species' NRC/FAO reference formulation.
The % Bar (100% Rule)
The footer of the formulation table shows the total kg and % sum per category. The % is calculated as each ingredient's kg ÷ total batch kg × 100.
⚠️ The % will always naturally sum to 100% when you edit kg values — it's a ratio of what's in the batch. A warning only appears if you manually type % values that exceed 100%.
Price Per kg (RM)
Enter your actual purchase price per kg for each ingredient. This is used to calculate cost per kg of TMR, daily cost per category, monthly cost, and annual procurement budget. Prices are inflated monthly based on the Annual Inflation % you set in Settings.
Feed Rate vs Batch Size
The Feed Rate (kg/head/day in Population table) × number of animals = daily kg needed. The batch formulation defines the ratio of ingredients in that daily kg. Batch size does not need to equal actual daily volume — only the ratios matter.
📅 Events — Managing Your Herd Calendar
Birth / Kidding / Lambing
Adds animals to the youngest group (last category, e.g. Creep/Kids). Use this for natural births. Set the month and count. Example: 180 lambs born in February.
Wean / Move
Moves animals from the youngest group to a target category. Use this to graduate lambs/kids from creep to grower, or growers to finishing. Select the destination category from the dropdown.
Cull / Sale
Removes animals from a specific category. Use for market sales, culling unproductive animals, or slaughter. Select which category loses the animals.
Purchase
Adds animals to a specific category. Use for buying replacement breeding stock, purchasing store cattle, or adding feeder animals mid-year.
💡 Growth Rate Override — The table at the bottom of Events lets you set a background % change per category per month. For example, if your sheep flock naturally grows 2% per month due to conception rate, enter +2 for those months. This stacks on top of events.
💡 Load Default Calendar loads a realistic event schedule based on typical production cycles for the selected species.
🐑 Sample Farm Scenarios
Scenario 1 — 500-Head Intensive Sheep Farm (Dorper Crossbred)
SpeciesSheep
Adult Ewes (A)220 head @ 2.7 kg/day
Lactating (B)130 head @ 3.2 kg/day
Growing Lambs (C)100 head @ 3.0 kg/day
Creep (D)50 head @ 0.3 kg/day
Key EventsFeb: 80 births → Creep. Apr: 70 wean → Growers. Jun: 60 sell. Aug: 60 births. Oct: 50 wean. Dec: 80 sell.
Expected Annual Feed Cost~RM 120,000–160,000 depending on ingredient prices
Main IngredientsNapier Grass, Mixed Bran, PKE, SBM, Molasses, Premix
Scenario 2 — 200-Head Dairy Goat Farm (Saanen × Alpine)
SpeciesDairy Goat
High Lactation (A)80 head @ 4.0 kg/day
Mid/Late Lactation (B)60 head @ 3.0 kg/day
Dry Does (C)35 head @ 2.0 kg/day
Kids (D)25 head @ 0.4 kg/day
Critical NoteAlways use Goat Mineral Premix — never sheep mineral (copper toxicity risk)
Expected Annual Feed Cost~RM 85,000–120,000
Main IngredientsAlfalfa Hay, Corn Grain, Beet Pulp, SBM, Goat Mineral Premix
Scenario 3 — 100-Head Swamp Buffalo (Meat Production, Malaysia)
SpeciesBuffalo
Breeding Cows (A)40 head @ 18 kg/day
Grower/Stocker (B)35 head @ 15 kg/day
Finishing (C)20 head @ 18 kg/day
Calves (D)5 head @ 4 kg/day
Key EventsMar: 25 calves born. Jul: 20 wean → Grower. Dec: 30 finishing to market.
Expected Annual Feed Cost~RM 180,000–240,000 (high due to large body weight)
Main IngredientsNapier, Para Grass, Rice Bran, PKE, POME, Molasses, Mineral Premix
📖 Glossary of Terms
TMRTotal Mixed Ration — a feeding system where all feed ingredients (forage, concentrate, supplements) are mixed together and fed as a single uniform diet. Prevents animals from sorting feed.
DMDry Matter — the feed content after all water is removed. All nutritional values are expressed on a DM basis. Fresh grass is ~15–20% DM; hay is ~85–90% DM.
CPCrude Protein — total nitrogen × 6.25. Measures protein content of feed. Lactating ewes need ~14–16% CP; finishing lambs ~14%; dairy goats ~16–20%.
TDNTotal Digestible Nutrients — a measure of feed energy. Maintenance diets ~55–60% TDN; growing/finishing diets ~65–75% TDN; high lactation diets ~70–75% TDN.
NDFNeutral Detergent Fibre — measures structural fibre (cell wall). High NDF = more roughage, slower digestion. Ruminants need minimum NDF to maintain healthy rumen function (>28–35%).
ADFAcid Detergent Fibre — highly indigestible fibre fraction. Higher ADF = lower energy. Used to estimate digestibility and energy content of forages.
ADGAverage Daily Gain — daily liveweight increase (kg/day). Target: lambs 150–250g/day; finishing goats 150–200g/day; backgrounding cattle 0.7–1.1 kg/day; finishing cattle 1.2–1.6 kg/day.
BCSBody Condition Score — a 1–5 scale (sheep/goats) or 1–9 scale (cattle) measuring fat reserves. Target: breeding ewes/does at mating BCS 3–3.5; dairy cows dry period BCS 3.0–3.5.
PKEPalm Kernel Expeller — a by-product of palm oil extraction. Common SE Asia feed ingredient. High in NDF (~70%), moderate protein (~16% CP), good rumen bypass characteristics.
POMEPalm Oil Mill Effluent — liquid by-product from palm oil processing. High moisture (~95% water), used as a palatability enhancer and energy source in buffalo/cattle rations.
SBMSoybean Meal — high-protein concentrate (~44–48% CP). Most common protein supplement globally. Highly digestible, excellent amino acid profile for ruminants.
DDGSDried Distillers Grains with Solubles — by-product of corn ethanol production. ~27–30% CP, high in bypass protein and fat. Can replace up to 30% of corn in finishing diets.
NRCNational Research Council — US body that publishes Nutrient Requirements of domestic animals. NRC (2007) Small Ruminants and NRC (2021) Dairy Cattle are the primary references for this planner.
Feed Ratekg of as-fed TMR per animal per day. As-fed includes moisture. To convert to DM basis: multiply by the DM% of your TMR (typically 35–50% for fresh TMR).
Mortality Rate% of animals in a category that die per month. Applied as a reduction after events. Typical ranges: adult cattle 0.1–0.3%/month; adult sheep/goats 0.3–0.5%; lambs/kids 1–3%.
InflationAnnual feed price inflation % applied monthly (compounded). Set to 0 for static prices. Malaysian average feed ingredient inflation 2023–2025 was approx 4–7%/year.
🔧 Troubleshooting & Common Questions
❓ Charts are not showing / "Loading Chart.js..."
The Charts tab requires an internet connection to load the Chart.js library from a CDN. Check your internet, reload the page, then click Run again before opening Charts.
❓ My % values don't add up to 100%
This is normal and expected when editing kg values — % is a live ratio showing each ingredient's share of the total batch. It always sums to 100% automatically. Only manually typed % values can cause an "OVER 100%" warning, which you should correct by reducing one or more % values.
❓ Population keeps going to 0 after a few months
Check your Events tab — a Cull/Sale event with a high count, combined with mortality, may be depleting the category. Also check if Wean/Move events are moving animals away before new births replenish the group. Reduce mortality % or add Purchase events to balance.
❓ Feed cost seems too high / too low
Review your Price/kg (RM) column in the formulation table — ensure prices reflect current market prices. Also check feed rates (kg/head/day) are realistic for your animal class and weight. Dairy cattle at 45–52 kg/day is correct; sheep at 2.7 kg/day is correct.
❓ I switched species but my formulation edits were lost
Each species stores its formulation independently in the current session. Switching species and returning will restore your last edits for that species. However, refreshing/reloading the page resets everything to defaults — this is a browser session tool, not a database.
❓ How do I save my settings permanently?
Currently the planner runs in-session only (no server/database). To save your settings: take a screenshot of your formulation, or note down your values. A future version may include local save/export to CSV. Use the 🖨 Print button to print a snapshot of results.
❓ What is the difference between Meat Goat and Dairy Goat?
Meat Goat (Boer/Kalahari crossbred) focuses on growth rate and carcass weight — rations are optimised for ADG 150–200g/day with moderate CP (14–16%). Dairy Goat (Saanen/Alpine) focuses on milk yield — higher CP (16–20%), calcium-rich forage base (alfalfa), and higher lactation feed rates. Both require goat-specific mineral premix.
❓ Can I use this for mixed-species farms?
Currently each species is projected separately. To estimate total farm costs, run each species independently, note the Annual Feed Cost from the Procurement tab, and sum them manually. Each species retains its own data in the same session.
❓ The Nutrition tab shows "no DB match" for my ingredient
The ingredient nutrition database uses keyword matching on ingredient names. If your ingredient name is unusual (e.g. a local brand name or abbreviation), try renaming it in Setup → Formulation to match a standard name the database recognises — for example, rename "Grade A Napier" to "Napier Grass", or "Local By-Product" to "Rice Bran". The full list of recognised names is in the Nutrition section of this guide.
❓ Why does my CP% look very high in the Nutrition tab?
Urea is included in the database at 281% CP (its NPN-equivalent protein on a DM basis — a standard feed chemistry convention). If you have even a small amount of Urea in your formulation, it will significantly pull up the blended CP%. This is technically correct — urea is a non-protein nitrogen source that rumen bacteria convert to protein. However, be aware that urea must be limited to ≤1% of DM or it becomes toxic. The Nutrition tab reflects blended values; always cross-check with your nutritionist when using urea.
❓ What is the difference between DM Basis and As-Fed Basis?
DM (Dry Matter) Basis removes all moisture — it's the standard way nutritionists compare feeds because moisture content varies hugely (fresh Napier is only ~18% DM while hay is ~88% DM). As-Fed Basis includes moisture, reflecting what the animal physically eats. All NRC targets in this system are on a DM basis. Use As-Fed to calculate how much fresh ingredient to physically weigh out each day.
❓ My Annual Revenue shows RM 0 — why?
Revenue is only calculated from Cull/Sale events recorded in the Events tab. If you haven't added any Cull/Sale events, the system has no animals sold to calculate revenue from. Go to Events → "+ Cull/Sale", enter the month, category, and number of animals sold. Herd Standing Value will still show correctly even without sale events.
❓ My Gross Profit is negative — does that mean I'm losing money?
A negative Gross Profit means your feed cost exceeds your revenue from animal sales in that period. This can happen when: (1) you have few or no cull events recorded, (2) your market price per head is set too low, or (3) your feed cost is genuinely higher than revenue. Remember this planner only includes feed costs — it does not reflect your full farm P&L. To improve the ratio, either increase the number of animals sold (add more Cull/Sale events), increase the price/head in Business Settings, or reduce feed costs in the Formulation.
❓ What does "Break-even Sale Price" mean?
Break-even Sale Price = Annual Feed Cost ÷ Total Animals Sold. It is the minimum price per head you need to receive from each animal sold just to cover your feed costs. If your actual market price is below the break-even price, each animal sale is generating a feed-cost loss. This metric is shown in the Procurement → Business Summary by Category table.
❓ The Herd Standing Value chart fluctuates a lot — is this normal?
Yes, this is expected. The chart reflects total population × price/head at the end of each month. Large drops occur in months where Cull/Sale events remove animals from the herd. Large rises occur in months with Birth/Kidding events. The trend line is useful for understanding how your asset base changes through the year and identifying which months are highest for farm valuation purposes.
⚠️ Disclaimer: This planner provides estimates based on NRC, Merck, Penn State, FAO, and Malaysian DVS reference values. Actual feed requirements vary with animal liveweight, health status, climate, forage quality, and local ingredient composition. Always validate with your farm nutritionist or veterinarian.
💰 Business Intelligence — Complete Guide
Overview
The business layer turns your feed cost projection into a full farm P&L estimate. It works across three areas: Setup (where you enter prices), Monthly & Procurement tabs (where KPIs and tables appear), and Charts (visual trends). Revenue is only generated by Cull/Sale events — animals that stay in the herd are counted as standing value, not revenue.
Step 1 — Set Animal Prices in Setup
1
Go to Setup → Business Settings — Animal Valuation — This table appears directly below the Population & Feed Rates table.
2
Enter Market Price (RM/head) — The current market selling price for one animal in that category. Example: Adult Ewe RM 800, Growing Lamb RM 350. Use realistic current market values, not cost price.
3
Enter Liveweight (kg/head) — Estimated average liveweight for animals in that category. Example: Adult Ewe 45 kg, Finishing Beef 480 kg. Used to calculate Feed Cost per kg Liveweight.
4
Price/kg LW auto-calculates — The right column instantly shows RM per kg liveweight (Price ÷ Liveweight), so you can compare to market benchmarks.
💡 Prices are pre-filled with typical Malaysian market defaults per species. Always update them to reflect your actual market before making business decisions.
Step 2 — Record Sales in Events Tab
Revenue is calculated only from Cull/Sale events. Every animal you sell must be entered in the Events tab as a Cull/Sale event with the correct category and count. The system then multiplies that count by the price/head from Business Settings.
⚠️ If you have no Cull/Sale events, Annual Revenue will show RM 0. Herd Standing Value and Feed Cost KPIs will still work — only revenue-dependent metrics (Gross Profit, FCR%, Break-even) require sale events.
Business KPIs — Where to Find Them
Monthly Tab
- Peak Herd Value (RM)
- Annual Revenue from Sales
- Feed Cost / Head / Year
- Feed : Revenue Ratio %
- Monthly Herd Standing Value table
- Monthly Revenue from Sales table
- Gross Profit row (Revenue − Feed Cost)
- Feed Cost per Head monthly table
Procurement Tab
- Annual Revenue (RM)
- Gross Profit with Margin %
- Profit health signal (✓ Healthy / ⚠ Tight / ✗ Loss)
- Feed : Revenue Ratio %
- Feed Cost / Head / Year
- Business Summary by Category table
- Break-even Sale Price per animal
- Feed Cost per kg Liveweight
- Monthly Cash Flow table
Charts Tab
- Herd Standing Value — 12 Month Trend (blue line)
- Feed Cost per Head — Monthly trend (red line)
Understanding the Key Metrics
| Metric | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Herd Standing Value | Total population × price/head. Your farm's animal asset value — rises with births, drops after culls. |
| Annual Revenue | Cull/Sale event animals × price/head. Cash received from selling — not the same as herd value. |
| Gross Profit | Revenue − Annual Feed Cost. Feed-cost gross margin only — excludes labour, vet, infrastructure. |
| Profit Margin % | Gross Profit ÷ Revenue × 100. ≥20% Healthy · 0–20% Tight · <0% Loss-making. |
| Feed:Revenue Ratio | Feed Cost ÷ Revenue × 100. Ideally <70%. Above 80% means feed is consuming most of your revenue. |
| Break-even Price | Annual Feed Cost ÷ Animals Sold. Minimum price/head needed to cover feed cost alone. |
| Metric | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Feed Cost / Head / Yr | Total annual feed cost ÷ average population. Useful for benchmarking and quoting cost-per-head. |
| Feed Cost / kg LW | Feed cost ÷ (avg population × liveweight). Measures feed efficiency per kg of body weight. Lower = better. |
| Herd Value Trend | Blue chart — asset value across 12 months. Dips = sale events. Rising = population growing from births. |
| Cost/Head Trend | Red chart — feed RM per animal monthly. Rising = less efficiency (fewer animals, same cost). Falling = more animals spreading the cost. |
| Monthly Cash Flow | Procurement table showing Revenue, Feed Cost, Profit every month. Identifies cash-positive (sale) vs cash-drain months. |
⚠️ Important: Business calculations cover feed cost only. Labour, veterinary, infrastructure, transport and other operating costs are not included. The Gross Profit shown is a feed-cost gross margin — actual net profit will be lower. Always consult your accountant for a complete farm P&L.
🔬 Nutrition Tab — Complete Guide
What the Nutrition Tab Does
The Nutrition tab dynamically calculates the expected nutritional profile of your TMR formulation for each animal category. It uses a built-in ingredient nutrition database (NRC/FEEDIPEDIA/Merck values) and weights each ingredient's contribution by its DM share of the blend. Results are compared against NRC/FAO target ranges specific to each species and production stage.
How the Calculation Works (DM-Basis Blending)
1
As-Fed → DM conversion — Each ingredient's kg (as-fed) is multiplied by its DM% to get kg of dry matter. Example: 1,200 kg Napier Grass × 18% DM = 216 kg DM.
2
DM-weighted average — Each nutrient value is averaged across all ingredients, weighted by their DM contribution. Ingredients with more DM have more influence on the blend. Example: if Napier is 60% of DM and has 8.5% CP, it contributes 5.1 percentage points to blended CP.
3
NRC target comparison — The blended value is compared against the target range for that species + category (e.g. Lactating Ewes: CP 14–17%). Status is green ✓ (in range), red ▼ (too low), or amber ▲ (too high).
4
Fix suggestions — When a nutrient is out of range, the system recommends which ingredients to increase or reduce to bring it back into target.
Nutrients Analysed
| Nutrient | Unit | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| DM % | % | Dry matter content of the TMR blend. Drives intake capacity. |
| Water % | % | Moisture in the as-fed blend. High moisture reduces palatability and shelf life. |
| CP % | % DM | Crude Protein. Essential for growth, milk, and muscle. Deficiency reduces ADG and milk yield. |
| TDN % | % DM | Total Digestible Nutrients. Overall energy measure. Low TDN = weight loss, poor reproduction. |
| ME | MJ/kg DM | Metabolisable Energy. Energy available to the animal after digestive and urinary losses. |
| NEL | MJ/kg DM | Net Energy for Lactation. Specific to dairy cows and dairy goats. Drives milk output directly. |
| NEM | MJ/kg DM | Net Energy for Maintenance. Energy fraction for cattle body maintenance. Used in beef/buffalo systems. |
| Nutrient | Unit | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| NDF % | % DM | Neutral Detergent Fibre. Structural cell wall. Minimum NDF needed for rumen health and preventing acidosis. |
| ADF % | % DM | Acid Detergent Fibre. Indigestible fibre. Higher ADF = lower energy. Inversely related to digestibility. |
| Crude Fat % | % DM | Ether extract. Energy-dense. Above 6–7% DM suppresses rumen fibre digestion. |
| Ca % | % DM | Calcium. Critical for milk production, bone, and muscle function. Deficiency causes milk fever (hypocalcaemia). |
| P % | % DM | Phosphorus. Works with calcium for bone and energy metabolism. Ca:P ratio should be 1.5–2:1. |
| Mg % | % DM | Magnesium. Deficiency causes grass tetany. Required for enzyme function and calcium absorption. |
Ingredient Database — Recognised Names
The system matches your ingredient names using keyword search. Use these names (or names containing these keywords) for accurate matching:
Forages
Napier Grass · Para Grass · Brachiaria · Rice Straw · Alfalfa Hay · Alfalfa Haylage · Ryegrass · Grass Hay · Corn Silage
Napier Grass · Para Grass · Brachiaria · Rice Straw · Alfalfa Hay · Alfalfa Haylage · Ryegrass · Grass Hay · Corn Silage
Grains & Energy
Corn Grain · Molasses · Beet Pulp · Bypass Fat · Rice Bran
Corn Grain · Molasses · Beet Pulp · Bypass Fat · Rice Bran
Protein Meals
Soybean Meal (SBM) · Canola Meal · Cottonseed Meal
Soybean Meal (SBM) · Canola Meal · Cottonseed Meal
By-Products
PKE · POME · Mixed Bran · Wheat Bran · Pollard · DDGS · Distillers Grains
PKE · POME · Mixed Bran · Wheat Bran · Pollard · DDGS · Distillers Grains
Supplements
Milk Replacer · Urea · Limestone · Premix · Mineral
Milk Replacer · Urea · Limestone · Premix · Mineral
💡 If your ingredient isn't recognised (shown as "no DB match"), rename it in Setup → Formulation to include one of the keywords above. The system uses DM 88% as a default fallback for unrecognised ingredients, which may affect accuracy.
Understanding the Status Colours
✓ GREEN — OK
Nutrient is within the NRC target range for this species and category. No action needed.
Nutrient is within the NRC target range for this species and category. No action needed.
▼ RED — TOO LOW
Nutrient is below minimum target. Animals may underperform. Follow the fix suggestion in the warning banner.
Nutrient is below minimum target. Animals may underperform. Follow the fix suggestion in the warning banner.
▲ AMBER — TOO HIGH
Nutrient exceeds maximum target. May cause metabolic issues or wasteful over-supplementation.
Nutrient exceeds maximum target. May cause metabolic issues or wasteful over-supplementation.
— GREY — N/A
No NRC target defined for this nutrient in this category. Value is shown for information only.
No NRC target defined for this nutrient in this category. Value is shown for information only.
📚 Scientific References & Data Sources
This system was built using peer-reviewed publications, government standards, and internationally recognised feed composition databases. All nutritional values, target ranges, and species-specific requirements are derived from the following sources.
Primary Nutritional Standards (NRC)
1
Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids
National Research Council (NRC). 2007. National Academies Press, Washington DC. — Primary source for sheep and goat CP, TDN, ME, mineral targets per production stage.
2
Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th Revised Edition
National Research Council (NRC). 2021. National Academies Press, Washington DC. — Primary source for dairy cattle CP, TDN, NEL, NEM, mineral targets per lactation stage. Corn silage DM targets, bypass fat inclusion.
3
Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 8th Revised Edition
National Research Council (NRC). 2016. National Academies Press, Washington DC. — Beef cow-calf, backgrounding, and finishing dietary targets. NEM energy fractions for beef systems.
Veterinary & Clinical References
4
The Merck Veterinary Manual, 12th Edition
Merck & Co., Inc. 2023. Kenilworth, NJ. — Nutritional disease thresholds, copper toxicity in sheep vs. goats, grass tetany (Mg deficiency), milk fever (Ca), urinary calculi prevention, acidosis risk from low NDF.
5
Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 11th Edition
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D. 2007. Saunders Elsevier. — Clinical nutrition and metabolic disease context for ruminant production systems.
Extension & Practical Feed Management
6
Total Mixed Rations for Dairy Cows
Penn State Extension. Heinrichs, A.J., Buckmaster, D.R., Lammers, B.P. 2022. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, PA. — TMR mixing principles, forage:concentrate ratios, ort target (2–5%), lead factor formulation 20% above group average.
7
Feeding the Dairy Herd
University of Minnesota Extension. Hutjens, M.F. 2010. North Central Regional Extension Publication NCR-346. — Lactation stage feed group management, dry cow transition diet, corn silage DM variability.
8
Total Mixed Rations for Beef Cattle
OMAFRA (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs). 2021. Publication 812. — Backgrounding and finishing TMR design, step-up acidosis prevention, DDGS inclusion rates up to 30% of concentrate.
9
Small Ruminant Nutrition — Practical Feeding of Goats and Sheep
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine. 2019. — Dairy goat copper requirements (3–4× sheep requirement), breed-specific lactation nutrition, Saanen and Alpine production parameters.
Feed Composition Databases
10
FEEDIPEDIA — Animal Feed Resources Information System
Lebas, F., Sauvant, D., Heuzé, V. FAO, INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ. 2023. feedipedia.org — Primary source for ingredient DM%, CP%, TDN%, NDF%, ADF%, fat%, Ca%, P%, ME values for Napier grass, Para grass, PKE, POME, Rice bran, Molasses, Alfalfa hay, Corn silage, and all major tropical by-products.
11
International Feed Number Database — Composition of Feeds
Harris, L.E. 1970 (continuously updated). Utah State University. — Standardised ingredient composition values for grains (corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal), mineral supplements (limestone, dicalcium phosphate).
12
Tables of Feed Composition and Nutritive Values for Ruminants in Tropical Countries
Gohl, B. 1981. FAO Animal Production and Health Series No. 12, Rome. — Tropical forage and by-product values relevant to Malaysian/SE Asian livestock systems (Napier, Para grass, PKE, Rice straw, Brachiaria).
Buffalo & Tropical Livestock
13
Water Buffalo Production — FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No. 4
Cockrill, W.R. (ed.). 1984. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. — Buffalo feed rates (2.5–3.0% BW), tropical forage utilisation efficiency, swamp vs river buffalo nutritional requirements, heat stress feeding management.
14
Nutrient Requirements of the Water Buffalo
Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia (DVS) / MARDI. 2018. Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang. — Murrah-cross buffalo CP and energy targets, PKE and POME inclusion guidelines for Malaysian smallholder systems.
15
POME and PKE as Feed Ingredients for Ruminants in Malaysia
Alimon, A.R. 2004. Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM). — POME moisture content (~95%), PKE NDF (~70%), inclusion rates and palatability data in buffalo and cattle TMR systems.
Boer Goat & Meat Goat Production
16
Meat Goat Production Handbook
Gipson, T.A., Merkel, R.C., Williams, K., Sahlu, T. (eds.). 2007. Langston University E (Kika) de la Garza Institute for Goat Research, Oklahoma. — Boer and crossbred goat ADG targets (150–200g/day), finishing diet CP (14–16%), weaning and kidding management.
Statistical & Inflation Data
17
Malaysian Department of Statistics — Producer Price Index for Agriculture
DOSM Malaysia. 2023–2025. — Feed ingredient price inflation baseline of 4–7%/year used as default inflation rate in the planner's Settings.
Malaysian Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)
18
Panduan Penternakan Lembu Daging — Beef Cattle Production Guidelines
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar (DVS) Malaysia. 2020. Putrajaya. — Malaysian beef cattle management standards, Brangus/Brahman cross feed requirements, recommended stocking densities and TMR inclusion rates for smallholder and commercial beef operations.
19
Panduan Penternakan Kambing & Biri-biri — Goat & Sheep Production Manual
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar (DVS) Malaysia. 2019. Putrajaya. — Recommended CP and energy targets for Boer goat and Dorper sheep under Malaysian tropical conditions, disease management calendars, and breed suitability guidelines for peninsular and East Malaysia farms.
20
Garis Panduan Ternakan Lembu Tenusu — Dairy Cattle Production Standards
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar (DVS) Malaysia. 2021. Putrajaya. — Milk yield benchmarks for Sahiwal-cross and Holstein-Friesian herds, TMR formulation guidelines under Malaysian heat stress conditions, somatic cell count and mastitis prevention protocols.
21
National Livestock Census & Industry Statistics
Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar (DVS) Malaysia. 2023. Annual Report. Putrajaya. — National herd population data, slaughter throughput, live animal import/export statistics, and average farm-gate prices per species used as default business valuation benchmarks in this planner.
📌 Note on values: All ingredient nutritional values in this system represent typical averages from the above databases. Actual values vary significantly with crop variety, growing conditions, harvest stage, processing method, and storage. It is strongly recommended to obtain laboratory analysis (NIR or wet chemistry) of your actual feed ingredients for precision ration formulation.
📋 Report Tab — Complete Guide
What the Report Tab Does
The Report tab generates a complete single-page farm management report combining all 7 data sections of TMR Pro into one vertical, print-ready layout. It is designed to be saved as a PDF, shared with farm managers, investors, or veterinarians, or used as a monthly record of your farm projections.
⚠️ You must click Run first before opening the Report tab. The report reads from your live projection data — if no projection has been run, all tables will show placeholder text.
How to Generate Your Report
1
Set up your farm — Configure species, population, formulation, business prices, and events in the Setup and Events tabs as usual.
2
Click Run ⚡ — Press the green Run button in the top navigation bar to calculate the full 12-month projection. This must be done before the report will populate.
3
Open the Report tab — Click the red Report tab in the navigation bar. The report will automatically render all 7 sections using your current projection data.
4
Scroll and review — The report is a single continuous vertical document. Scroll down to see all sections: Setup → Events → Monthly → Daily → Charts → Procurement → Nutrition.
5
Click Generate PDF — Scroll to the very bottom of the Report tab and click the orange 📄 Generate PDF button. Your browser's print dialog will open — choose "Save as PDF" as the destination to download a PDF file.
What Each Section Contains
01 — Farm Setup
Starting head count, feed rates, mortality %, ingredient formulation (all categories), business prices (RM/head, liveweight), and RM/kg LW.
02 — Herd Events
Full farm calendar — all births/kidding, weanings, cull/sale events, and purchases, with month, category, count, and notes. KPI counts by event type.
03 — Monthly Projection
12-month population by category, peak population, peak herd value, annual feed cost, annual revenue, and a month-by-month cost vs revenue vs gross profit table.
04 — Daily Feed Plan
Month 1 snapshot — daily feed kg per category, daily feed cost, cost per head per day, and total animals. Useful for daily operations planning.
05 — Visual Charts
4 inline charts: Population Trend (line), Monthly Feed Cost (bar), Herd Standing Value (line), and Revenue vs Feed Cost (grouped bar). Requires internet for Chart.js.
06 — Procurement & Business
Annual ingredient procurement (kg, tonnes, cost, % of budget), gross profit, profit margin, feed:revenue ratio, and a 12-month cash flow table with cumulative net.
07 — Nutrition Analysis
Category A NRC compliance grid (DM, CP, TDN, ME, NDF, ADF, Fat, Ca, P, Mg) and a side-by-side nutrient table for all categories with colour-coded status.
Saving as PDF — Tips for Best Results
- In the print dialog, set Destination → Save as PDF
- Set paper size to A4 for standard reports
- Enable Background graphics (or "Print backgrounds") to preserve dark theme colours
- Set margins to Minimum or None for full-width tables
- Use Portrait orientation for a clean vertical report
- The navigation bar, species bar, and footer are automatically hidden when printing — only the report content is included
- Charts may not render if Chart.js did not load — check internet connection before generating PDF
- Re-click the Report tab after making any changes to refresh the data before printing
💡 Tip: Every time you click the Report tab, the report re-renders from the current projection. If you change any Setup values or Events and click Run again, simply re-click the Report tab to refresh all 7 sections with the updated data.
TMR Pro · Farm Management Report
Full Farm Report
Run projection first, then open this tab
Section 1
Farm Setup & Herd Configuration
01/07
Total Animals
—
head
Avg Feed Rate
—
kg/head/day
Total Daily Feed
—
kg/day
Ingredients
—
in formulation
Population & Feed Rates
| Category | Head | kg/hd/day | Mort%/mo | kg/day |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run projection first | ||||
Feed Formulation
| Ingredient | RM/kg | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run to populate | |||||||||
Business Valuation
| Category | RM/head | LW kg | RM/kg LW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Run to populate | |||
Section 2
Herd Events & Farm Calendar
02/07
Total Events
—
Birth/Kidding
—
Cull/Sale
—
Wean/Purchase
—
Scheduled Events
| Month | Type | Category | Count | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run to populate | ||||
Section 3
Monthly Population & Production Projection
03/07
Peak Population
—
head
Peak Herd Value
—
RM
Annual Feed Cost
—
RM/year
Annual Revenue
—
RM/year
Monthly Population
| Run to populate |
Monthly Cost & Business (RM)
| Run to populate |
Section 4
Daily Feed Plan — Month 1 Overview
04/07
Daily Feed Cost
—
RM/day
Cost/Head/Day
—
RM
Daily Feed Vol
—
kg/day
Animals (M1)
—
head
Daily Feed by Category — Month 1
| Category | Head | kg/hd/day | Daily kg | Daily RM |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run to populate | ||||
Daily Ingredient Tonnage — Month 1
Ingredient tonnage required each day, based on each category's TMR formulation ratio and daily feed volume. Values shown in kg/day and tonnes/day.
| Run to populate |
Section 5
Visual Analytics & Trend Charts
05/07
Population Trend
Monthly Feed Cost (RM)
Herd Standing Value (RM)
Revenue vs Feed Cost (RM)
Section 6
Feed Procurement & Business Intelligence
06/07
Annual Feed Cost
—
RM
Annual Revenue
—
RM
Gross Profit
—
RM
Feed:Revenue
—
%
Annual Ingredient Procurement
| Run to populate |
Monthly Cash Flow (RM)
| Run to populate |
Section 7
Nutritional Analysis & NRC Compliance
07/07
Checked
—
Within Target
—
✓
Too High
—
▲
Too Low
—
▼
Nutrient Profile — Cat A vs NRC Target
Run projection to populate.
All Categories — Side by Side
| Run to populate |